Splicing and terminating the UTP cat-5 Network Cable and connect R_J45 connector

Type of UTP (unshielded twisted pair ) cable

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is a ubiquitous type of copper cabling used in telephone wiring and local area networks (LANs).
There are five types of UTP cables -- identified with the prefix CAT, as in category -- each supporting a different amount of bandwidth. 
Short for unshielded twisted pair, a popular type of cable that consists of two unshielded wires twisted around each other.
 

RJ-45 is a type of connector commonly used for Ethernet networking. it looks similar to a telephone jack, but is slightly wider.
Since Ethernet cables have an RJ- 45 connector on each end, Ethernet cables are sometimes also called RJ-45 cables.
The “RJ” in RJ-j45 stands for “Registered Jack” since it is a standardized networking interface. He “45” simply refers 
to the number of the interface standard. Each RJ-45 connector has eight pins, which means an RJ-45 cable contain eight separate wires. 
If you look closely at the end of an Ethernet cable, you can actually see the eight wires, which are each a different color.
Four of them are solid color, while the other four are striped.

STRAIGHT CABLE COLOUR CODE

White Orange White Orange
Orange Orange
Green White Green White
Blue Blue
White Blue White Blue
Green Green
White Brown White Brown

CROSS CABLE COLOUR CODE

White Green White Orange
Green Orange
White Orange White Green
Blue Blue
White Blue White Blue
Orange Green
White Brown White Brown
MAKE A NETWORK CABLE:
STEP 1:
Unroll the required length of network cable and add a little extra wire, just in case. If a boot is to be
fitted, do so before stripping away the sleeve and ensure the boot faces the correct way
 
STEP  2:
Carefully remove the outer jacket of the cable. Be careful when stripping the jacket as to not nick or cut the internal wiring.
One good way to do this is to cut lengthwise with snips or a knife along the side of the cable, away from yourself, about an inch
toward the open end. This reduces the risk of nicking the wires' insulation. Locate the string inside with the wires, or if no string
is found, use the wires themselves to unzip the sheath of the cable by holding the sheath in one hand and pulling sideways with the
string or wire. Cut away the unzipped sheath and cut the twisted pairs about 1 1/4" (30 mm). You will notice 8 wires twisted in 4 pairs. E
Each pair will have one wire of a certain color and another wire that is white with a colored stripe matching its partner 
(this wire is called a tracer).
 
 STEP  3:
Inspect the newly revealed wires for any cuts or scrapes that expose the copper wire inside. If you have breached the protective 
sheath of any wire, you will need to cut the entire segment of wires off and start over at step one. Exposed copper wire will 
lead to cross-talk, poor performance or no connectivity at all. It is important that the jacket for all network cables remains intact. 

STEP 4:
Untwist the pairs so they will lay flat between your fingers. The white piece of thread can be cut off even with the jacket and
disposed (see Warnings). For easier handling, cut the wires so that they are 3/4 inch(19 mm) long from the base of the jacket and
even in length. 
 
STEP 5:
 Arrange the wires based on the wiring specifications you are following. There are two methods set by the TIA, 568A and 568B.
 Which one you use will depend on what is being connected. A straight-through cable is used to connect two different-layer 
 devices (e.g. a hub and a PC). Two like devices normally require a cross-over cable. The difference between the two is that a 
 straight-through cable has both ends wired identically with 568B, while a cross-over cable has one end wired 568A and the other
 end wired 568B.[1] For our demonstration in the following steps, we will use 568B, but the instructions can easily be adapted to 568A.
	568B - Put the wires in the following order, from left to right:
  
  
•	white orange
•	orange
•	white green
•	blue
•	white blue
•	green
•	white brown
•	brown

STEP  6:
You can also use the mnemonic 1-2-3-6/3-6-1-2 to remember which wires are switched.

STEP  7:
Press all the wires flat and parallel between your thumb and forefinger. Verify the colors have remained in the correct order. Cut the top of the wires even with one another so that they are 1/2" (12.5 mm) long from the base of the jacket, as the jacket needs to go into the 8P8C connector by about 1/8", meaning that you only have a 1/2" of room for the individual cables. Leaving more than 1/2" untwisted can jeopardize connectivity and quality. Ensure that the cut leaves the wires even and clean; failure to do so may cause the wire not to make contact inside the jack and could lead to wrongly guided cores inside the plug. 
 
 STEP 8 :
Keep the wires flat and in order as you push them into the RJ-45 plug with the flat surface of the plug on top. The white/orange wire 
should be on the left if you're looking down at the jack. You can tell if all the wires made it into the jack and maintain their 
positions by looking head-on at the plug. You should be able to see a wire located in each hole, as seen at the bottom right. 
You may have to use a little effort to push the pairs firmly into the plug. The cabling jacket should also enter the rear of the jack 
about 1/4" (6 mm) to help secure the cable once the plug is crimped. You may need to stretch the sleeve to the proper length. Verify 
that the sequence is still correct before crimping.

STEP 9:
Place the wired plug into the crimping tool. Give the handle a firm squeeze. You should hear a ratcheting noise as you continue. 
Once you have completed the crimp, the handle will reset to the open position. To ensure all pins are set, some prefer to double-crimp 
by repeating this step. 

STEP 10:
Repeat all of the above steps with the other end of the cable. The way you wire the other end (568A or 568B) will depend on whether 
you're making a straight-through, rollover, or cross-over cable (see Tips). 

STEP 11:
Test the cable to ensure that it will function in the field. Mis-wired and incomplete network cables could lead to headaches down
the road. In addition, with power-over-Ethernet (Poe) making its way into the marketplace, crossed wire pairs could lead to physical
damage of computers or phone system equipment, making it even more crucial that the pairs are in the correct order. A simple cable
tester can quickly verify that information for you. Should you not have a network cable tester on hand, simply test connectivity pin to pin.